Switch apparatus



June 26, 1928.

c. w.` BATES mma comnor. swrrca APPARATUS Filed Dec. 14. 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet W. ,m a N n .s Aw Ww .59.1 M M@ c M .1 m m Si m m m V5 U m m 60 m m L .wmN 6:0. Nk. .Nul |I-\ L\ m Q m N mh a mw. n.. Il. .lf *MN M 2-1.1-7--..W. -..1: L. v g Q 5j Rw.. mv ,EL

June 26, 1928. 1,674,757

c. w. BATES REMOTE coN'rRoL swrfrcn APPARATUS Filed nec. 14, 1922 s sheets-sheet 2 f3 la A7624..

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should not 'be rnuch lower, on account of the possibility of the occurrence of harmonics in the line voltage which would cause false operation ofthe relay. It is also nocessary that the range of `frequency within which the relay will respond shall bene'ilher loo large nor too small. li' this is loo large, the relays will not be sufficiently selective and if too small, theaccuracy of adjustment must ibe so great 'that manufacturing expense will 'be unduly high. This may be controlled'by a proper 'choiceoffthe losses in the relay circuit, for -which-purpose 'the coil resistance is the most suitable variable. The losses should he so adjusted tli'a't 'the -voltage across .the coiifibiiiation vat resonant fretvoltage or'by-lowfhiindnic'siof the voltage i co'nnectje'dacess the termi'nals'by 3l through the switch.;

Referring. more .'.tvo 2 l. to

'6.3215 eliges@ einen ajs'eirelaf and ifmmii rise apair spaced and.( iiii'ir1e-tl'icz1-lly .arranged standards 33, .surmounted .by'a cap lbetween .which and .the base extends an enclosing 'shell 135. @n ,thebase are mounted eins-'rife' @frases ef die switch 5 and the gspeifsbeeeee 'fiieepripgg 1'0. A fest '37 Gamed by 'alfa-between the standards' supby superposing. upon the voltage o."

-'trlled The A:value ports the coils 7 and 8, and arms 38 extending,r lfrom the standards 33 carry the spools 39 upon which the coils 13 are wound and .those spools .are shown equipped with square heads, Fig. 5. From one of the square heads ofthe spools extends a bracket A() to which one Aend of the lixed mass of iro'n 15 Vis attached and which is provided with one element Ll1 of a lini'le edge pivot. T'o the other end of 'the part 15, Fig. 7, is

attached another element 42 of a second tivo ipartsi'f'( andi 4S each relativelylharrow, v and they are spaced apart.' closes the ContactA 18 'the pzth 'ofthe circuit is from 2 4, 29, 46, 45, @is-1852s, 7 and 2(5 jto 23, so that the switch is open and in (JP-0.11.1.I1g 'has 'broken the path between lL15 and 48,111@ sippingsdoyser'vj'ng id iee'p the switch open. fWhenfrely 12 closes 'the contact 19, tl'ig'e pethifthe' circujt'is 'frein-2 4, 29. 46, 45, 47, 19', 27, e and '2e tojeayqothr the switch is closed andin closing rolen ille-p fh .nemen 4'5 enden-whe. Spfffes 10 .s'iy'in'g'tolieepthe'switcli closedA *The 'higli freqeeffey 'impulses -b-ymis ifi-iwhichthe relays and4 hehcethefswitc'h' are impressed uponthefdistrih tion liniii's 50 at anydeslred o etrdll olnt "porary'isertio'n a'n i'ndfuotfance 52 into 5% 'f the irrita-voltage 'causing' 12' llctuation'depending onth loa-'d power factor. A suitable hifgfh 'frequency 'voltage is ithen impressed across the'tern'u'nals o'f this inductance` This inductance and theil'iigh lje'qiiency generator 53 with suitable 'control since it s a. lagging Current ebsbed mini;-

the .lagging 'current ofi'tiie inductance'. The

, net'current supply froiiithehigh-frequency generator'will then betht'rt required'to"s 'upply the llJy's'ses- .i 4'the inductance'232,5,g and `in the c'oiid'e'n's'ei'i54, arfd to' supply the" hi'gfh fre-f queucy. leurre/nt I, to. lthe. ,devices conecte'dl to the 'distribution'niainsiiicluding the relays ll and 12 of such switches as are used on the circuit. Since the circuits leaving substations usually operate at voltages which are dangerous, it is necessary to insert an insulating transformer 55 in the circuit 56, the preferable location for this transformer being between the inductance 52 with its condenser 54 and the high frequency generator 53. This transformer maj,7 have any ratio desired in order to adapt the voltage of the high frequency generator to the require ments of the control system.

When the primary distribution mains 49 and operate at 2300 volts, a ratio of one to one will be found suitable. It is also desirable to insert a condenser 57 in series with the high frequency supply in order to prevent the low or normal frequency cur` rent from passing through the high fie Y quency generator while allowing the passage of high frequency currents. This may be placed in either the high tension or the low tension side of the transformer 55, but is preferably located on the low tension side for the sake of safety. The magnitude of the condenser capacity is not important but is preferably such as to approximately neutralize the inductance of the transformer windings. In its preferred form therefore the complete high frequency source consists of an inductive reactor of about 5% drop (based on full load normal frequency) iuserted into one of the supply lines with suitable switches 58 and 59 for short-circuiting the inductance and for removing it from the circuit, a condenser 54 adjustable to resonance at all relay operating frequencies connected in parallel with the inductance 52, an insulating transformer 55, a series condenser 57 whose capacity will approximately neutralize the inductive drop of the transformer at the average relay frequency and ya high frequency generator 53 with a variable speed drive 60 to adapt it to the various frequencies necessary together with suitable control switches 58 and 59, rheostats and instruments, not shown because too Well understood to require illustration.

The high frequency voltage thus superposed on the normal frequency voltage will pass currents corresponding to the high frequency voltage and impedance through all devices connected across the mains including 'in which"case?'tle'jhighlfrequeney voltage willl be transformed iin' "aima-nn'er similar@ to the; tiar'slformationof the powers'upply-'except 'that thedrop in the'ftra'nsfoirerf'will be"'so'r'newhat-l larger i'n' prop'o'r'tion';r As? de'- scribed above, the application is made to a single phase circuit or one phase of a polyphase circuit, but if the power is distributed by means of some polyphase method having a common neutral grounded at not more than one point, all of the phases may have the high frequency voltage superposed simultaneously by introducing the high frequency voltage into the common neutral. The high frequency may be applied as described above to one of the circuits leaving the substation and then to another and so on or the entire group of circuits leaving the station may be energized simultaneously by introducing the high frequency voltage into the Wires supplying the station bus on either the primary or secondary side of the substation transformers 6l.

As described above my invention is applied to the control of a single utilization device but its application is not limited to the control of a single utilization device but it may be used to control any number of such devices by duplication as, for example, all of the street lights in a given territory may be controlled by individual switches for which purpose my invention is particularly suited.

Also this group of devices may be subdivided by using control relays selectively responsive to various ranges of frequency so that certain subdivisions of the roup may be operated or controlled in'depen ently thus for mstanee enabling the number of lamps to be adapted to the requirements for illumination.

Vhile my invention has been described as applied to devices supplied from alternating current mains, it is not limited to this form of supply and may be applied to Adirect current mains with a few obvious changes in the method of introducing the relay operating current. In this case it will not be necessary to use such a high frequency, approximately sixty cycles being suitable in this case.

I claim:

l. In resonant remote control switching apparatus adapted to be operated from customary constant potential mains by superimposed currents of proper frequency and voltage, means for impressing said superimposed currents upon the mains which means fil transfrmm GLLFEQRDW. BAT-Es. 

